Abstract El cambio climático es catalogado como el principal problema que enfrenta la humanidad, paralelo a ello se les reconoce a los ecosistemas forestales la función como sumidero de carbono. El objetivo del trabajo fue desarrollar modelos predictivos de biomasa por unidad de área (hectárea) para Tectona grandis y Gmelina arborea, establecidas en plantaciones comerciales a partir de material clonal. La biomasa para cada componente del árbol (hojas, ramas, raíz, fuste) se calculó mediante modelos alométricos desarrollados para ambas especies en estudios anteriores. La información para aplicar dichos modelos se obtuvo de bases de datos sobre mediciones de árboles en parcelas permanentes de muestreo y para cada parcela permanente se calculó la biomasa y el área basal, que luego fueron extrapolados a hectárea. Posteriormente se desarrollaron modelos agregados para la biomasa por hectárea de hojas, ramas, raíces, fuste, para la biomasa leñosa y biomasa total. Todos los modelos mostraron un ajuste (R2) superior al 85 %, con cifras de RCME y EMA inferiores 0,23 y con errores o sesgos de estimación inferior a 2,5 %. Los modelos elegidos se caracterizan por su robustez, precisión y practicidad para su uso, convirtiéndolos en una herramienta muy útil para la predicción de la biomasa.

Resumen Actually, climate change is listed as the main problem facing humanity, parallel to this, forest ecosystems are recognized as carbon sinks. The objective of this work was to develop predictive models of biomass per unit area (hectare) for Tectona grandis and G. arborea arborea, established in commercial plantations from clonal material. The biomass of each component of the tree (leaves, branches, root, stem) was calculated using allometric models developed for both species. The information to apply those models was obtained from databases on tree measurements in permanent sampling plots and for each permanent plot, the biomass, and the basal área were calculated and then extrapolated to a hectare. Later, aggregate models were developed for the biomass per hectare of leaves, branches, roots, stems, for woody biomass and total biomass. All the models showed an adjustment (R2) greater than 85 %, with RCME and EMA values less than 0.23 and errors or estimation biases les than 2.5 %. The chosen models are characterized by their robustness, precision, and practicality of use, making them a very useful tool for predicting biomass.

Abstract The surveillance of influenza A viruses (IAV) in migratory waterfowl is of great importance, given the possibility of transmission to susceptible hosts and introduction of viral subtypes, including highly pathogenic strains, to new geographic regions. IAV were previously identified from migratory birds in two wetlands located in Mexico during two wintering seasons. Using next-generation sequencing, thirteen samples of RNA from the field sampled cloacal swabs were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Seven whole IAV genomes were obtained, while remaining six samples provided partial results. Eight different hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) combinations were identified in analyzed samples, while the analysis of the remaining genes in seven whole genome samples demonstrated four different combinations of viral segments, suggesting a diversity of circulating IAV. Phylogenetic analysis of samples whose whole genomes were sequenced showed that they are closely related to North American IAV, with some segments (NP, H6 and H11) related to the Eurasian virus. The use of high-throughput technologies enabled genetic characterization of field samples and contributed to fostering our knowledge of IAV genomics and virus circulation in Mexico, a lowly surveyed but biological and epidemiological relevant region, thus highlighting the need for future studies in Mexican wetlands.

Resumen El estudio se validó de un protocolo fotográfico para la digitalización de muestras de herbario a partir de análisis de colorimetría digital. Para lo cual se utilizaron diez especies arbóreas en condición de herbario y se evaluó cinto tipos de velocidad de obturación, apertura de objetivo e ISO con fin identificar mejor ajuste y luego identificar el mejor protocolo fotográfico a partir de las variables L*, a *, b*, diferencial de color (ΔE*) y chroma (ΔC*). Los resultados mostraron que las velocidades de obturación de 1/3”, 1/5” y 1” mostraron ΔE* inferiores a 5, considerados como visibles, la a apertura de objetivo f/ 5.6 y f/7.1 mostraron valores ΔE* menores a 5,5 siendo mejor se adaptaron, mientras en ISO, los valores 100, 200 y 320 presentaron valores ΔE* visibles y menores a 5,3. En cuanto la determinación del mejor protocolo para las 10 especies fue CP1 con una velocidad de 1/3”, con apertura de f/5.5 e ISO 100 que presentó un ΔE* promedio de 4,1 considerado como visible y significativamente menor al resto de los tratamientos que variaron de 5,1 a 29,8, siendo cambios de visibles a totales de color y evidenciando con acumulaciones de color de 6 a 12 (ΔC*). Finalmente, IRF mostró los usuarios percibieron que CP1 mostró mejor ajuste al material físico (0,95) con respeto a los demás protocolos (promedio 0,71).

Abstract The study was validated of a photographic protocol for the digitalization of herbarium samples from digital colorimetry analysis. For which ten tree species were used in herbarium condition and belt types of shutter speed, objective aperture and ISO were evaluated in order to identify better fit and then identify the best photographic protocol from the variables L *, a *, b *, color differential (ΔE *) and chroma (ΔC *). The results showed that the shutter speeds of 1/3 ”, 1/5” and 1 ”showed ΔE * less than 5, considered as visible, the aperture of objective f / 5.6 and f / 7.1 showed ΔE * values less than 5, 5 being better adapted, while in ISO, values 100, 200 and 320 showed visible ΔE * values and less than 5.3. As soon as the determination of the best protocol for the 10 species was CP1 with a speed of 1/3 ”, with an aperture of f / 5.5 and ISO 100 that presented an average ΔE * of 4.1 considered as visible and significantly lower than the rest of treatments that varied from 5.1 to 29.8, being changes from visible to total color and evidencing with color accumulations of 6 to 12 (ΔC *). Finally, IRF showed the users perceived that CP1 showed a better fit to the physical material (0.95) with respect to the other protocols (average 0.71).

Resumo O estudo foi validado de um protocolo fotográfico para a digitalização de amostras de herbário a partir de análises de colorimetria digital. Para as quais dez espécies de árvores foram utilizadas na condição de herbário e os tipos de correia da velocidade do obturador, a abertura objetiva e a ISO foram avaliadas para identificar melhor ajuste e, em seguida, identificar o melhor protocolo fotográfico das variáveis L *, a *, b *, diferencial de cor (ΔE *) e croma (ΔC *). Os resultados mostraram que as velocidades do obturador de 1/3 ”, 1/5” e 1 ”apresentaram ΔE * menor que 5, considerada visível, a abertura da objetiva f / 5.6 ef / 7.1 apresentou valores ΔE * inferiores a 5 5 sendo melhor adaptados, enquanto na ISO, os valores 100, 200 e 320 apresentaram valores visíveis de ΔE * e menores que 5,3. Assim que a determinação do melhor protocolo para as 10 espécies foi CP1 com velocidade de 1/3 ”, com uma abertura de f / 5.5 e ISO 100 que apresentou um ΔE * médio de 4,1 considerado como visível e significativamente menor que o restante tratamentos que variaram de 5,1 a 29,8, sendo alterações de visível para total e evidenciando acúmulos de 6 a 12 (ΔC *). Por fim, a IRF mostrou que os usuários perceberam que o CP1 apresentava melhor ajuste ao material físico (0,95) em relação aos demais protocolos (média 0,71).

Abstract: With the introduction of rotavirus vaccines Rotarix (RV1) or RotaTeq (RV5) in the immunization programs of an increasing number of countries, there is concern that the immune selection pressure induced will cause an increase in the prevalence of virus genotypes not included in the vaccine formulation, or to the appearance of novel rotavirus strains that could evade the protective immune response. The natural fluctuation of rotaviruses makes it difficult to distinguish if the change in the circulating strains is due to the vaccine selective pressure or to the natural diversity fluctuation of viruses. If there has been a selective pressure, it has been low so far. However, it is important to keep an epidemiological surveillance and pay attention to the emergence of strains that are resistant to the vaccine, in particular in those countries where the viral diversity has been shown to be higher.

Resumen: Con la introducción de las vacunas de rotavirus Rotarix (RV1) o RotaTeq (RV5) en programas nacionales de vacunación de diversos países, surgió la preocupación de que la presión inmune generada condujera al aumento en la prevalencia de genotipos virales no incluidos en las vacunas, o bien del surgimiento de nuevas cepas que pudieran escapar a la respuesta inmune protectora inducida por la vacunación. La variación natural de los rotavirus ha hecho que sea muy difícil distinguir si el cambio en las cepas circulantes se debe a la presión selectiva impuesta por las vacunas o bien a la fluctuación natural de las cepas. Si acaso ha habido una presión selectiva, ésta ha sido hasta ahora baja. Sin embargo, es importante mantener la vigilancia epidemiólogica y poner atención al surgimiento de cepas resistentes a la inmunidad, en particular en países en desarrollo en los que se ha descrito una mayor diversidad viral.

Abstract: With the introduction of rotavirus vaccines Rotarix (RV1) or RotaTeq (RV5) in the immunization programs of an increasing number of countries, there is concern that the immune selection pressure induced will cause an increase in the prevalence of virus genotypes not included in the vaccine formulation, or to the appearance of novel rotavirus strains that could evade the protective immune response. The natural fluctuation of rotaviruses makes it difficult to distinguish if the change in the circulating strains is due to the vaccine selective pressure or to the natural diversity fluctuation of viruses. If there has been a selective pressure, it has been low so far. However, it is important to keep an epidemiological surveillance and pay attention to the emergence of strains that are resistant to the vaccine, in particular in those countries where the viral diversity has been shown to be higher.

Resumen: Con la introducción de las vacunas de rotavirus Rotarix (RV1) o RotaTeq (RV5) en programas nacionales de vacunación de diversos países, surgió la preocupación de que la presión inmune generada condujera al aumento en la prevalencia de genotipos virales no incluidos en las vacunas, o bien del surgimiento de nuevas cepas que pudieran escapar a la respuesta inmune protectora inducida por la vacunación. La variación natural de los rotavirus ha hecho que sea muy difícil distinguir si el cambio en las cepas circulantes se debe a la presión selectiva impuesta por las vacunas o bien a la fluctuación natural de las cepas. Si acaso ha habido una presión selectiva, ésta ha sido hasta ahora baja. Sin embargo, es importante mantener la vigilancia epidemiólogica y poner atención al surgimiento de cepas resistentes a la inmunidad, en particular en países en desarrollo en los que se ha descrito una mayor diversidad viral.

Abstract The goal of this paper is to analyze the Colombian public policies (laws) related to the intervention on the interdomestic violence (IDV), starting for the conceptions of function and the meaning of domestic violence. The first section contains a critical review on legislation (public policies) about the IDV, more importantly in the national ambit of Colombia: law 294 of 1996 of the IDV law (reformed for the law 575 of 2000), and law 1257 of 2008, from which several laws have developed, regarding sensitization, prevention and sanction of different ways of violence and discrimination against women. Also, the penal code and the penal procedure were also reformed, and law 294 of 1996 and other dispositions were dictated. This public policies are reviewed critically, with the final purpose of identifying the common features that prevent or make the approach of the violent phenomenon more difficult. In this sense, the weaknesses of the public policies that exist in Colombia for the intervention on the IDV are found to be: 1.- state actions (public policies) imply the traditional conception that violence equals aggression; 2.- it is necessary and possible to eradicate the violence from the family ties. 3.- derived from the above, a sanction and penal emphasis are made as the best way to eradicate IDV; 4.- it is considered that the principal victim f this phenomenon it is the women, whence, in the public politics it is predominant the conception of a single gender, both in its conception and in its intervention; 5.- the conciliation processes are used as the best mechanism for supervision of the IDV, and finally, 6.- in public politics it is first the informative perspective, characterized for show a traditional conception of violence through psychosocial interventions, trainings and educational material; it concludes, in this section, that the understanding, explanation and intervention of the violent phenomenon has been dominated for a traditional conception of violence that, matching it with aggression or pretending its eradication, sustains the public politics strategies in the intervention of IDV of Colombia. In the second part f this paper work, and with the finality of showing the implication of the way that is conceived the violence present in the characteristics of the public politics here addressed is conceived the family as a composite system for elements of symbolic character that are articulated each from certain structure principles; said principles are: incompleteness of the system, lack of identity of the elements, covariance of the elements and dynamism of the system. The above, offers the basis for pointing the possible consequences of the law, that, as a public policies promote a particular way of contextualize and intervene IDV and allow to analyze the implications of the public policies from a renewed way of understanding the function and the sense of the violent phenomenon inside the family. This implications allow to consider: the consequences about public policies and its impact on IDV the compare violence and aggression, the impossibility of eradicate the IDV, it is consider that the penal sanction is insufficient in the IDV intervention, the consequences of the primacy of the perspective of a single gender in public policies on IDV, it is reflected that the conciliation processes do not allow to understand the complex role played by the IDV, and finally, it is considered necessary to overcome the merely informative perspective on the IDV; At the same time, alternatives are outlined that could overcome these weaknesses. It is concluded that the way in which IDV has been conceived and the intervention that has derived from it, has made it difficult to understand the function and meaning of violence within family ties and has prevented more efficient interventions within the family.

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar en Colombia las políticas públicas (leyes) relacionadas con la intervención de la violencia intrafamiliar (VIF) a partir de las concepciones de función y sentido de la violencia en la familia. Se hace una revisión crítica de las leyes (políticas públicas) sobre la VIF más importantes en el ámbito nacional colombiano, con el fin de identificar las características más comunes que impiden o dificultan un mejor abordaje del fenómeno violento y se esbozan alternativas que podrían superarlas. Se concluye que la forma en que se ha concebido la violencia intrafamiliar y la intervención que se ha derivado de ella ha dificultado comprender la función y el sentido que tiene la violencia dentro de los vínculos familiares y ha impedido intervenciones más eficientes en el interior de las familias.

The aims of this work were: To determine what percentage of first-time patients to the Dental Emergency Department at the School of Dentistry of Buenos Aires University had taken medications to relieve or treat their condition. To determine what percentage of these had used self-medication, and which were the most frequently taken medicines. To determine whether there is an association between self-medication and educational level, and between self-medication and whether the patient has health coverage. This was an observational, cross-sectional study which reviewed 567 clinical histories of patients who visited the Dental Emergency Department from March 2015 to September 2016. The following parameters were assessed: sex, age, reason for consultation, medication, dose, interval, duration and indication. Patients'educational level and whether they had health coverage were ascertained. Confidence intervals of 95% were calculated for percentages using the Wilson score method. Inferential analyses were performed using the Chi-square test (f). Significance level was set at 5%. Eighty five percent (85%,.n=481) of the patients had taken at least one medication; 77% (n=372) had used self-medication. The most frequently used medicines were non-steroid antiinflammatory drugs (61%), antibiotics (34%) and glucocorticoids (2%). No association was found between self-medication and patients' having health coverage (2=13; p=0.08). No significant association was found between educational level and selfmedication (2=10; p=0.22). Nevertheless, the lowest percentages of self-medication were found in subjects with complete university studies (77%; CI95: 60% to 89%), while the highest percentages were found in subjects with incomplete primary education (89%; CI95: 69% to 97%), complete primary education (92%; CI95: 82% to 96%) and incomplete secondary educations (90%; CI95: 84% to 94%).High levels of selfmedication were found in the study population. Although no association was found between educational level and self-medication behavior, the percentage of self-medication was higher among patients with lower educational levels. The high level of self-medication highlights the importance of conducting campaigns to raise awareness about the adequate use of medicines.

Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron: Determinar qué porcentaje de pacientes que concurrió por primera vez al Servicio de Urgencias de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires consumió medicamentos para aliviar o tratar su dolencia. Determinar qué porcentaje de pacientes fueron automedicados, y cuáles fueron los medicamentos más utilizados. Determinar si existe relación entre la automedicación y el nivel de estudio y entre la automedicación y la presencia de cobertura médica. Se realizó un estudio observacional y transversal. Se relevaron 567 historias clínicas de pacientes que concurrieron entre marzo 2015 y septiembre 2016 y se valoraron los siguientes parámetros: sexo, edad, origen de la consulta, medicación, dosis, intervalo, duración, e indicación. Se indagó el nivel educacional alcanzado y la existencia de cobertura médica. Se calcularon intervalos de confianza al 95% para porcentajes mediante el método score de Wilson. Se realizaron análisis inferenciales mediante la prueba Chi-cuadrado (2). Se fijó un nivel de significación del 5%. El 85% (n=481) de los pacientes había consumido al menos un medicamento. El 77% (n=372) de los pacientes estaba automedicado. Los medicamentos más utilizados fueron antiinflamatorios no esteoroideos (61%), antibióticos (34%) y glucocorticoides (2%). No se encontró asociación entre la automedicación y la presencia de cobertura médica (x2=13; p=0,08). No se encontró asociación significativa entre el nivel de estudios y la automedicación (x2=10; p=0,22). Sin embargo, los sujetos con estudio universitario completo presentaron el menor porcentaje de automedicación (77%; IC95: 60% a 89%), mientras que los mayores porcentajes se encontraron en sujetos con primario incompleto (89%; IC95: 69% a 97%), primario completo (92%; IC95: 82% a 96%) y secundario incompleto (90%; IC95: 84% a 94%). Se encontraron niveles elevados de automedicación en la población estudiada. Si bien no se observó asociación entre nivel educativo y la conducta de automedicación, fue mayor el porcentaje de automedicación en pacientes con menor nivel educativo. La alta presencia de automedicación refuerza la importancia de realizar campañas de concientización sobre el consumo adecuado de medicamentos.

In 1870, Rudolf Heidenhain discovered neuroendocrine cells, which can lead to the development of the Neuroendocrine Tumors (NER), a rare form of cancer, most of which express somatostatin receptors. The basis of Receptor Scintigraphy as a metabolic-molecular image is based on the use of <img border=0 width=29 height=14 src="http://img/revistas/nuc/n62/e01046217.jpg" alt="http://img/revistas/nuc/n62/e01046217.jpg">-DOTA-peptides with specific binding to somatostatin receptors.The purpose of this publication is to present our first experiences in the study of different histological types of TNE by means of Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy (GRS) using <img border=0 width=29 height=14 src="http://img/revistas/nuc/n62/e01046217.jpg" alt="http://img/revistas/nuc/n62/e01046217.jpg">-DOTATATE performed at the PET / CT Center and Molecular Image of the Department of Nuclear Medicine of the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (Inor)

En 1870 Rudolf Heidenhain descubrió las células neuroendocrinas, las cuales dan origen a los Tumores Neuroendocrinos (TNE) que son una forma rara de cáncer, la mayoría de los cuales expresan receptores de somatostatina. El fundamento de la Gammagrafía de Receptores como imagen metabólico-molecular se fundamenta en el empleo de <img border=0 width=29 height=14 src="http://img/revistas/nuc/n62/e01046217.jpg" alt="http://img/revistas/nuc/n62/e01046217.jpg">-DOTA-péptidos con enlazamiento específico a los receptores de somatostatina. La presente publicación tiene el propósito de dar a conocer nuestras primeras experiencias en el estudio de diferentes tipos histológicos de TNE por medio de la Gammagrafía de Receptores de Somatostatina (GRS) empleando el <img border=0 width=29 height=14 src="http://img/revistas/nuc/n62/e01046217.jpg" alt="http://img/revistas/nuc/n62/e01046217.jpg">-DOTATATE PET/CT realizados en el Centro PET/CT e incluyendo Imagen Molecular del Departamento de Medicina Nuclear del Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología (Inor)

Gastric (GC) and breast (BrC) cancer are two of the most common and deadly tumours. Different lines of evidence suggest a possible causative role of viral infections for both GC and BrC. Wide genome sequencing (WGS) technologies allow searching for viral agents in tissues of patients with cancer. These technologies have already contributed to establish virus-cancer associations as well as to discovery new tumour viruses. The objective of this study was to document possible associations of viral infection with GC and BrC in Mexican patients. In order to gain idea about cost effective conditions of experimental sequencing, we first carried out an in silico simulation of WGS. The next-generation-platform IlluminaGallx was then used to sequence GC and BrC tumour samples. While we did not find viral sequences in tissues from BrC patients, multiple reads matching Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) sequences were found in GC tissues. An end-point polymerase chain reaction confirmed an enrichment of EBV sequences in one of the GC samples sequenced, validating the next-generation sequencing-bioinformatics pipeline.

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is an atrial septal defect with or without atrial septal aneurysm, associated with left-to-right shunt.It is also related with embolic stroke and platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome.This report describes the case of a patient with platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome, which represented a diagnostic challenge because she was admitted due to pneumonia but then was incidentally diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Given the unfavorable progression of her condition, and worsening of dyspnea with hypoxemia upon sitting, a transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed, revealing a PFO with atrial septal aneurysm and marked right-to-left bubble passage occurring spontaneously (in dorsal recumbent position). After completion of antibiotic treatment, percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale was performed with an Amplatzer device.

El foramen oval permeable (FOP) es un defecto del septum interauricular que puede coexistir con aneurisma de éste y se asocia con pasaje de flujo de izquierda a derecha. Su presencia se ha vinculado con accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) embólico y con el síndrome de platipneaortodesoxia. En esta presentación se describe el caso de una paciente con síndrome de platipnea-ortodesoxia que representó un verdadero desafío diagnóstico, ya que ingresó a nuestra institución por neumonía y luego incidentalmente se diagnosticó una tromboembolia de pulmón (TEP). Dada la tórpida evolución y al evidenciarse disnea con desaturación que se acentuaba al sentarse, se realizó un ecocardiograma transesofágico (ETE) que mostró un FOP con aneurisma del septum interauricular y pasaje marcado de burbujas de derecha a izquierda en forma espontánea (en decúbito dorsal). Luego de completar tratamiento antibiótico, se procedió al cierre percutáneo del FOP con la colocación de un Amplatzer.

Objetivos: se describe la experiencia del cierre endovascular de comunicación interventricular realizada durante tres años en diferentes centros de cardiología intervencionista, y se destaca el resultado en un grupo de pacientes seleccionados en quienes dicho procedimiento se efectuó mediante el uso de un dispositivo de última generación diseñado para el cierre de ductus arterioso. Pacientes: entre junio de 2006 hasta octubre de 2009 se sometió un total de 34 pacientes a la técnica de oclusión de comunicación interventricular por vía endovascular. La indicación del procedimiento incluyó sobrecarga de volumen, sobrecarga de presión y volumen, falla cardiaca crónica, prolapso de válvula aórtica con insuficiencia y lesión traumática. La edad promedio fue de 12,9 años y el peso fue de 36 kilos. Se evidenció un predominio del sexo masculino (53%). El promedio de cálculo de flujos demostró Qp/Qs de 1,71 a 1 y el de resistencias vasculares pulmonares fue 1,18 U Wood/m2. Materiales y Métodos: el dispositivo PM VSD Occluder se implantó con la técnica clásica (62,5%) mientras que el dispositivo Duct Occluder II (28,1%) se utilizó con la técnica simplificada propuesta. Se usó anestesia general en 98% de los casos, 60% fueron guiados con fluoroscopia y ecocardiografía transesofágica y 40% con transtorácica. Resultados: el tamaño del defecto varió entre 4 y 12 mm. El 91% de los pacientes tenía un defecto septal aislado. La mediana del tiempo quirúrgico se cuantificó en 56 minutos, siendo mayor en el grupo en el cual se utilizó la técnica clásica (85 min) en comparación con aquel grupo en el que se empleó la técnica simplificada con un promedio de 36 minutos. El promedio de estancia hospitalaria se estimó en 36 horas. Seguimiento: se documentó el cierre completo en 100% a los 30 días. Hubo tres eventos adversos por complicaciones menores relacionadas con disturbios transitorios en el ritmo. Siete pacientes (21,9%) acusaron aparición o acentuación de episodios de cefalea vascular migrañosa. Hubo una complicación mayor dada por bloqueo atrioventricular completo y embolización del dispositivo. Conclusiones: el cierre endovascular de la comunicación interventricular es un procedimiento factible en nuestro medio, con el cual se alcanza un éxito cercano al 100%. El dispositivo para cierre de ductus de última generación puede implantarse con modificaciones en la técnica que aminora los tiempos de operatividad (hasta 60%), anestesia, utilización de medio de contraste y estancia hospitalaria. Por otra parte, su perfil hace posible el uso de sistemas de entregas 4 French que posibilitaría la inclusión de lactantes menores.

Objectives: we describe the experience of the endovascular closure of interventricular communication performed for three years in different centers of interventional cardiology and highlight its result in a group of selected patients in whom such procedure was made by the use of a last generation device designed for the closure of ductus arteriosus. Methodology: between June 2006 and October 2009, a total of 34 patients underwent endovascular occlusion for interventricular septal defect. Indication of this procedure included volume overload, pressure and volume overload, chronic congestive heart failure, aortic valve prolapse with insufficiency and traumatic injury. Mean age was 12,9 years old and mean weight was 36 kg. A prevalence in male gender (53%) was evidenced. Main blood flow calculation showed Qp / Qs of 1.71 to 1 and the pulmonary vascular resistance was 1.18 U Wood/m2. Materials and methods: PM VSD occluder device was implanted with the classic technique (62,5%) while the Duct Occluder II (28,1%) was used with the proposed simplified technique. General anesthesia was used in 98% cases; 60% were guided by fluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography and 40% with transthoracic echocardiography. Results: size of the defect varied from 4 to 12 mm. 91% of patients had an isolated septal defect. Mean surgical time was 56 min, being longer in the group in which the classic technique was used (85 min) compared with the group in which the technique used was the simplified one, with a mean duration of 36 min. Mean hospital stay was estimated in 36 hours. Follow up: complete closure was documented in 100% of patients at 30 days. There were three adverse events due to minor complications related to transient rhythm disturbances. A total of seven patients (21.9%) complained onset or exacerbation of vascular migraine headache episodes. There was one major complication due to complete atrioventricular block and embolization of the device. Conclusions: endovascular closure of interventricular septal defect is a feasible procedure in our country achieving a success closure in 100% of the patients. The latest generation device for closure of the ductus may be implanted with modifications in the technique that reduce surgical time (up to 60%), anesthesia, use of contrast media and hospital stay. Moreover, its profile makes possible the use of 4 French delivery systems that would make possible the inclusion of younger infants.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o coeficiente de parentesco e conhecer a estrutura genética de 90 cultivares elites de soja adaptadas aos diferentes ambientes brasileiros. Foram obtidos 4.005 coeficientes de parentesco (f), os quais foram utilizados para realizar o agrupamento das cultivares, pelo método UPGMA. O dendrograma formado permitiu observar vários grupos de cultivares que se aproximaram por possuírem ancestrais comuns, e mostra a estrutura genética das principais cultivares indicadas para o Brasil. Foi estimado também o tamanho efetivo populacional (Ne) de cultivares em diferentes gerações. O valor de f calculado (f = 0,2124) comparado com as médias ponderada e aritmética das cultivares organizadas segundo os períodos de lançamento durante quatro décadas revela que o Ne para a soja é de 11 e 13, para a média aritmética e ponderada, respectivamente. O Ne relativamente pequeno e o alto coeficiente de parentesco sustenta a conclusão de que existe alto grau de similaridade entre as principais cultivares de soja indicadas para o Brasil.

The objective of this work was to estimate the coefficient of parentage and to understand the genetic structure of 90 elite soybean cultivars, which are adapted to different Brazilian environments. A total of 4,005 coefficients of parentage (f) were obtained and used to group the cultivars by UPGMA method. The constructed dendrogram showed several related cultivar groups which shared similar ancestors and clearly showed the genetic structure of the main Brazilian cultivars. Effective population sizes (Ne) were also estimated for cultivars in different generations. The average f = 0.2124 value, obtained from cultivars classified into four decades according to the release year, suggested effective soybean population sizes of 11 and 13 calculated using arithmetic and weighted means, respectively. The relatively small Ne and the high parentage coefficient support the conclusion that there is a high similarity degree among the main soybean cultivars in Brazil.